Four Chapters extracted and translated into English (originally published in Spanish)

Original publishers ES.TE.R - Escuela Espanola de Terapia Reichiana (Spanish School of Reichan Therapy)

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INDEX

1.0 Historical and Conceptual Introduction

2.0 Brief Characteranalytic Psychotherapy (B.C.P) Therapeutic Objectives

3.0 Brief Characteranalytic Psychotherapy (B.C.P) Characteristics of the Systematic

3.1 Diagnostic

3.2 Focus and Therapeutic Relation

3.3 Operation of the Actual and Oneiric

Triangular Circulation of B.C.P

3.4 Expressive Neuromuscular Movements ('Actings') and other Clinical Devices

3.5 The Group

4.0 Clinical Framework of B.C.P

1.0 HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL INTRODUCTION

From the beginning of this article, I believe it important to emphasise the difference between therapeutic technique and psychotherapeutic process. There will always be a health professional who utilizes an external device for the patient (e.g drugs, acupuncture, massage, suggestive messages, and restrengthening/re-learning dynamics) of a unilateral form, using a therapeutic technique of somatics, energetics or psychosomatics. One always uses the relation that one believes in between the health professional and the patient (therapeutic space or therapeutic relation) as a fundamental device (transterence - contra-transference, acting out, repetitive compulsion) through to that what facilitates the patient to assume an active stance against his/her illness and suffering, and can be utilized to comprehend the logical cause which underlines the same, and for the best understanding of the process of change is the carrying out of a psychotherapeutic process, that is to say, a psychotherapy. In this way, it was Freud, and the psychoanayltic movement in general who have provided the keys to unlock and carry out these techniques.

But, from this optic, one should differentiate from the psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, brief psychotherapy of the psychoanalytic orientation, profound or deep psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Without being able to enter into so many differentials, what is evident is that the diverse objectives to reach the different therapeutic frameworks (time, type of contract, relational form..) are provoked .

Taking a brief look into recent history, it was Feud, who in a text from 1918, signaled that psycho analysis limits its action to the wealthy classes of society, although to counter this, the state assumed the treatment to be free and urged a modification in technique, 'In the popular application of our methods, we have a mixture ranging from the pure gold of the analysis to the copper of the direct suggestion, and also the hypnotic influence could provide some return and a place in the treatment against the neurosis war. Whatever the structure and composition (for the village) the most important elements and effacies will continue to be, of course, those taken from Psychoanalysis - rigorous and free of all tendancies' (Freud-1918). In this same text, Freud recognises that the future of psychoanalysis, from this optic, continue from the indicators of the 'active method' of S.Ferenczi (Ferenczi-1919).

During these years, the Psychoanalytic Polyclinic of Vienna was opened, where Reich and his colleagues developed a fundamental work while striving to make the benefits of psychoanalysis attainable. There are no studies or writings that make reference to these activities, although this was due to the influence, the particular climate at this particular time and the more limited clinical objectives (in the form of the problems required to be solved and the therapeutic framework that they employed). In the case of Wilhelm Reich, the influence of this activity manifested in not only psychosexual concepts, but also in the development

of clinical contributions - which were reflected in his first psychoanalytic writings - that permitted the improvement of techniques with regard to analysis of resistances. These studies channeled into, what he later recognized as 'character analysis'. This favoured the insight and, much more, the reduction of the analysis. The psychopolitical vision of Reich urged him to take public measures in the prevention of neurosis and to use techniques that permitted the avoidance or reduction of massive suffering (Reich-1927,1936).

At this time (1937), Freud, who was perhaps influenced by Ferenczi, Rank and his polyclinic experience, signalled the necessity to abbreviate the analysis, although a year later, in one of his key works, he wrote that the psychoanalysis had to be prolonged and that his intentions to abbreviate the analysis constituted a denaturalization of his fundamental principles (Freud-1938).

There were psychoanalyists who continued to investigate and work with brief treatments. In 1946, Alexander and French, tried to maintain classic psychoanalytic theories and took from, among others (although acknowledgement is not given in their work) contributions of Reich (such as the principle of psychosomatic identity, the importance of emotional expression and of traumatic experience within a therapeutic space) they published their work, 'Psychoanalytic Therapy', where they reflected years of clinical experience of brief therapy practiced at the Institute of Chicago. Also in the United States, together with Lindeman, Kardner and Wolberg (1965), they emphasised the work of Bellmark and Small (1970), who in the 1950s, investigated the basic aspects of brief therapy in the following ways: For example; the 'focus', the form of interpretation to favour the insight, the specific framework for this form of clinical work, and crisis solution. More recent work I would like to refer to is that of Sifneos (1992) and also of Davanloo (1992), who in 1975, organized 'The First International Symposium of Brief Psychotherapy' in Montreal. One also should not forget some important contributions form a systemic relational optic, carried out at 'La Escula de Palo Alto' (The Palo Alto School), through to work executed by Bateson, Weakland and Watzlawick.

However, it is in the 'Tavistock Clinic' in London, where since 1950, they have laid the most solid foundations of the clinical practice of brief psychotherapy. This work was primarily instigated by the investigations and clinical work of M.Balint (1957) and D.H.Malan (1963). The inclusion of the diagnostic and selection of patients, the identification of the 'therapeutic process' and the emotional interrelation that is produced by 'therapeutic relation', were some of the fundamental contributions.

E.Gillieron (1983), who specialized in this particular line, carried out his work at the Lucern University Polyclinic in Switzerland. In Argentina, he emphasised the works of Kesselman (1970) and of Braier (1984). In Spain, J.Coderch (1987) - without utilizing the term 'brief', maintained the technical

difference between Psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis as an extension of the work of other professionals, who continued a work known as 'Balint Group' above all, within a hospital application.

It is important to indicate at this point, that authors who were reluctant to stress the importance of the emotional experience during the course of analysis, still maintained the idea put forward by Freud when he wrote; 'On numerous occassions, when emotions are dominated by states of mind, the participation of the body is so spectacular and notable, that many psychologists have concluded that the essence of these emotions reside uniquely in these extraordinary corporal manifestations. It is well known that changes in facial expression, blood circulation, secretions from an excited state of the voluntary musculature can be produced under the influence of fear, rage and an upset state of mind, sexual extasy and other emotions. These emotions, in a strict sense, are characterized in a particular connection within the corporal process, but in reality, all these states of mind (including those that we consider as 'intellect processes', are also, in certain way, emotions, somatic expression, and the capacity of change in corporal processes' (Freud-1905).

In a similar vein, D.H.Malan wrote; 'So many sick people that are presented in psychiatric clinics and consultancies are subsequently diagnosed as having 'depression' (and given anti-depressive treatments) or 'anxiety' (and given tranquilizers)when the true diagnostic should be that of a 'terror or fear feeling' that is not exteriorized, for which the indicated treatment expresses it and dosn't reclaim more capacity than it possesses for whatever human reflex!!' (Malan-1979). Without doubt, we will find some similarity in this quote of Reich; 'The analytic psychology renders attention only to that what children abolish and to the right that they had to do the same - without worrying themselves about the form in which they fight against their emotions. However, it is just that it is in this physiological aspect of the repression process that merits our main attention. It is surprising to find, again and again, how the dissolution of a rigid muscular not only liberates the vegetotive energy, but also returns to the memory, a memory of a childhood situation in which the original effect of the repression occured - therefore, it would be correct to affirm, that each rigid muscular contains the history and the significance of its origen. Neurosis does not only take shape in one manner - such as in the expression of a perturbed psychic equilibrium - it would be much more accurate and significant to consider this as the expression of a chronic perturbance of the vegetotive equilibrium and of natural mortality' (Reich-1942).

Davanloo also utilized the analysis of resistances with the intention of 'unblocking the unconscious' (Davanloo-1992) facilitating the emergence of the destructive pulsions through to the negative transference emotion - continuing in the vein of Reich. If Reich used this in a psychoanalytic context (and from my point of view, he and Davanloo both utilized it within a 'brief' framework. Only some people with a neurotic character

structure benefited whilst for others this was prejudicial and dangerous. Sifneos also spoke of characterial resitances and the facilitation of the emergence of the pulsations and emotions (Sifneos-1992). Neither Davanloo nor Sifneos acknowledged the similarity of their considerations to Reich's characteranalytics in their expositions, even though the similarities of certain aspects of their theories and techniques are evident.

Following the post-reichan line, O.Rakness adapted the orgone therapy model of some treatments because of necessity as certain situations had to be managed within a 'brief' framework and with these changes he achieved good results; 'This year, I have treated various cases with orgone therapy, when due to particular circumstances a complete treatment could not be approached. Therefore, in these specific cases, I believed an improvement in results could be obtained in the short time that was available. These treatments lasted between three and four months with each session between 12.00hrs and 15.00hrs - up three hours each session' (Rakness-1950).

Personally, my clinical practice in post-reichan orgone therapy specializes in the characteranalytic vegetotherapy treatment of adults and this has allowed me to probe deeper into the unconscious and emotional processes, whilst also permitting me to a greater comprehension of some of the key areas of the human structure. However, it is a reality that the objectives of vegetotherapy - within the deep foundations of therapy - are wideranging and costly in time, compromise and economy. On many occassions these situations and circumstances limit the therapeutic processes.

As an expert of brief psychotherapy and characteranalytic orientation, of the contemporary authors mentioned previously, of the contributions made by Rakness in this field, and identifying with the social thoughts of Reich, I have never (since 1980, when I began working as a specialist) been without doubt that cases within a brief clinical framework, or people searching for alternative treatments (other than with psychodrugs), that the application of Vegetotherapy/Orgone Therapy will adapt treatment to a new plane within a new framework that develops with time. I state the former not only due to my own clinical experience but also because of professional interchange with other colleagues in Es.Te.R. The reviewing of teachings, conclusions of years of seminars that I have supervised where particular cases have been presented by professionals beginning the practice of this therapeutic model, the systematic with its own identity within brief psychotherapy dynamics, and of the corporal psychotherapy. I have identified the systematic as 'Brief Characteranalytic Psychotherapy - B.C.P' on account that the focus is intimately connected to the concept of character from a Reichan perspective. If in the case of B.C.P the reference has been and is Characteranalytic Vegetotherapy (or as Reich had defined it since 1942 as Orgone Therapy), accepting the important clinical contributions of F.Navarro in the production of a clinical work systematic with characteranalytic vegetotherapy (Navarro-1990), and the applicationdiagnostic and a structural epistemology concept as a starting point (Serrano-1990,1991).

2.0 BRIEF CHARACTERANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY (B.C.P) THERAPEUTIC OBJECTIVES

The Brief Characteranalytic Psychotherapy (B.C.P) can be applied through many diverse devices such as health centres, hospitals and private clinics where the patient can obtain important therapeutic benefits at a reasonable cost. This fundamentally reduces the state of alienation that can be witnessed from a person in today's social system and boost the level of consciousness of reality that surrounds the inter-physical and corporal processes, that is to say, its own structural reality. This permits the person to be the owner of his/her own life, and as a consequence, have a higher capacity of compromise (of the social element cause through to the family structure) of the disturbance of the sickness, treated at a social level, to a measure of change and the indirect profilaxis through to the psychotherapeutic problem, and to employ tools by some health professionals who feel that the fight against illness implies a clear social compromise and of change (Serrano-1991).

This reduction of suffering, following the concept of health and sickness of Reich and the Reichan paradigm, facilitates a change in the perception and in the auto-perception of its corporal image and a knowledge of its emotional vegetotive and psychic functions that are made more conscious of the functional logic that accompanies its sintomathology. In this way, the level of character-muscular resistances are reduced as is the grade of vegetotive contraction and nuclear fear. Also in general favouring the emotion and expression of its emotions in an atmosphere of analytic integration of the emotional experience and insight, utilized in a therapeutic setting of many verbal tools as corporals applied in a function of character structures (Serrano-1990), the therapeutic phase and to reach the individual's objectives.

As a consequence of the former, there would have to be a resoftening of the character in which what the patient continues to live through is a symptomatic and harmful factor (Reich-1936), to facilitate the comprehension of the difference between the 'I' as a potential and the character as a defensive behaviour. It is important to review the sympton and search for the logic as a part of the character feature principle, on account that the character feature assists its assent. In this way for example, a situation of work stress will not be tackled directly with the advice of 'you have to let go of some work' but systematically analysing the secondary return from the consequences of the stress, favoured by a characterial imprint, generally of a phallic narcisist or compulsive masochist type that yields a life of a determined conception of power and/or obligation - maintaining a latent depressive situation base.

It is important to acknowledge that the general objectives that I have stated will always be connected to the logic that underlines each character structure (Serrano-1990) with significant differences, on account that I wrote this previously. With respect to the characteranalysis, this will be very useful

in the neurotic character structure and on occassions, the Boarderline Character Structure, but never with a person with a psychotic structure as it is characterized by an absence of defences (character features) that structurizes our clinical problems that provides a base to facilitate elements that permit the development of flexible character (P.Ferden spoke of restrengthening the yoico - cannot find translation) but necessary to construct a front against the strength of overflowing impulses from the pulsions and necessities within a rigid and normalized reality. It is by this characteristic of the B.C.P and fundamental element, that one can overcome the structural differences for a good clinical solution.

3.1 THE DIAGNOSTIC

From a clinical point of view, Characteranalytic vegetotherapy clinical procedure (profound or deep systematic)being informed and coherant of the social base framework of B.C.P, our criterion are wide-ranging. According to the diagnostic of the employed structural evaluation (S.D.D), we apply the systematic differentially, intending to obtain the therapeutic benefits of the systematic approached with each character structure. There exists the possibility of being able to select, with each individual patient, between orgone therapy-vegetotherapy (profound or deep systematic) or B.C.P and with our clinical methods, this involves facing up to the the major or minor levels of personal implication of existential motivation and the major or minor levels of economic compromise - on account of the importance of the therapy deepens as something positive from the initial phase - if the contrary occurs, it could subtract from the unconscious dynamics and transferentials the circumstantial conditions would be comfortable and favourable to the patient - the latter is a basic variable for consideration when assuming one framework or another.

As an initiation of the therapeutic relation,before struturization of the framework and the therapeutic contract can begin, we carry out the S.D.D (Structural Differential Diagnostic) (Serrano-1990) that permits us so much knowledge of the character structure previously described, in the form of executing the contract at the base of this structure and therefore allowing the clinical framework to develop. 'Taking a 'determined psychic structure' as a reference point which is as much a determined bio-physical structure, a representation of the vegetotive strengths of a person. There is no doubt that some day in the future it will be demonstrated that the major part of what today is considered predisposition and instinctiveness will be called aquired vegetotive behaviour. The change in the structure that we produce in the process of our therapy is nothing other than a change in the recipricol game of vegetotive strengths in the organism, therefore, the muscular attitudes have a special importance in the character analysis technique' (Reich-1942). Apart from this Reich idea, the actual concept of character structure could be considered as follows;

Psychotic structure, boarderline structure and neurotic character structure (Navarro-1988, Serrano-1990), that gathers diverse variables, that from a epistemological conception, give us a solution to the person holistically, with the following references:

A. The constitutional predisposition

B. The orgonotic metabolism (bio-energy)

C. Objectal relations and character features

D. Muscular blocks and tensions

E. Neurovegetotive and somatic functioning

F. Actual reality, family, work, sexual emotion, clinical situation, motivations........

The S.D.D would be the first path to follow, except in cases of crisis problems, where performance should be punctual, taking into account the existential moment of the person to comprehend the patients position and problematic, calming this critical moment with a general combination of psychoactive drugs, and with direct execution at all levels and with techniques of open-action and integrated structurization according to the case in question.

During the treatment of one of my patients, I carried out the S.D.D process and effected the therapeutic contract by arriving at a compromise with the patient, who underwent one, fifty minute session per week over a nine month period, coming to an agreement with regard to the fees which were so small in quantity that I believed it convenient to allow the patient 'credit'. Elements such as these facilitate the 'therapeutic alliance' (Greenson-1967) from the initiation of the contract. Currently, we at ES.TE.R are experimentally evaluating the validity of a figure as an 'evaluator' (Sifneos-1992) seperating the diagnostic from the therapeutic.

It is evident that that in cases with a psychotic structure that this approach is not feasable, but, if the connection can be created or not, from the initiation stage, in the function of this case, the therapist that makes the diagnostic would assume the case at his/her discretion. This particular situation occured often and was like many other cases where the major or minor analyization issue and criterion of selection had to be taken into account. Sifneos and Davanloo followed these very demanding criterion which were, in my opinion, very elitist - very different to those used in B.C.P (boarderline character psychotherapy) that I have described previously.

3.2 FOCUS AND THERAPEUTIC RELATION

The therapeutic focus was once defined by Malan as 'the essential interpretation of that which covers all therapy' (Malan-1963). He would have always differentiated the therapeutic objective and the fundamental pillar from which the therapeutic process developed, on a par with the therapeutic relation and the 'psychological minimum hypothesis' (Malan-1963), and what for Braier would have been 'initial' and defined as 'a reconstructed sketch of the dynamic history of the patient, an intention to understand the global psychopathologic, including all of the perturbances that are known to us (between those that are found corresponding to focus and those that constitute a part of the data that contributes to the first interviews and the psychodiagnostic)' (Braier-1984).

We are in agreement with Braier, as an element of framework and favouring the assent of the work alliance, the patient treatment objectives together with the initial psychodynamic hypothesis, however, we we would differentiate on the 'focus' - this should be connected, from my point of view, to the 'red characterial thread' (Reich-1936), that is to say, the feature that characterizes the structure. It is so much a different concept used by Malan and the rest of the authors of brief psychotherapy. To be the predominant character feature, is so much what the patient perceives as his/her 'I' that which is identified with, and is precisely that which is seperating his /her 'I', the best defence, the best shield, and by general rule, that which by excessive softness of the character feature or excessive hedgemony with respect to the rest of the structural variables provoking the disfunction and the symptomology. This has to be the point of view of the therapist, not engaged with the patient but producing from a technical reference of 'characteranalysis', according to the post-reichan structural model (Serrano-1994).

Another fundamental variable, that we have looked at previously, is the operation of the therapeutic relation. There are three basic aspects and characteristics of brief psychotherapy in general, and we contemplate this particularity of B.C.P : The alliance of work and therapist, the permanent production of transferential reactions and the operation of the contratransference.

For Wolberg, these particularities were very important and different from profound or deep therapys - the therapeutic expressions of the analyist, on occassions communicating our feelings to facilitate the dismemberment of a resistance or how to facilitate the work alliance, but not as a production tool nor as insight. It is fundamental that the 'work alliance or the therapist' (Greenson-1967) because in one way the the implication and the active posture of the patient is permanent, and in another way, this maintains the presence of the real and the actual in the therapeutic relation. It is easier to produce the transferential reactions, that is to say, the emergent historic emotions that come from the therapy reproducing similar attitudes to the parental objects in the therapeutic space, without letting go of the 'neurosis transferential' (Freud). In these boarderline and neurotic structures we anaylize the negative latent transferential reactions that are reflected through the verbal or corporal oneiric discourses. This implies that the reaction of the transferential analysis is immediate and impedes the assent of the 'transferential neurosis' and 'regression'. In the case of a psychotic structure, the therapeutic alliance favours the connection that permits the mimetic reference that I have mentioned previously, but without using a primitive object function and 'maternal' function. In general, we facilitate the next emotion, but whilst respecting a distance and space that is symbolically marked for the 'table', being an element that catches up with the objectives we mark.

Taking another point as the 'transferential reaction'(Coderch-1987), over the interpretation and resistance analysis, we will find some attitudes that must be taken into account: Not to feel the desire to speak, to express things without emotion (there is not an emotion connected to the said discourse), the postures of the patient, the repetition of an indicated subject that is hiding more important themes and therefore occupy and wasting time of those, covered-up hostility (delayment of sessions, forgetting to pay..). All of these are analyized punctually 'in-situ', in that we look for is the analysis of the said transferential reactions. Always searching for the characterial connection and the historic feeling which underlines this actual behaviour that repeats itself during analysis, creating as a consequence, the resoftening of the character and a better flexibility of the armour shield in the psychotic structure maintains a structure that permits it to be understood, at the base of the sensation of visceral unconfidence, of panic of abandonment..... the logical history that underlines this irrational form of actual behaviour and repeats itself during analysis, utilizing, in some cases, a pedagogical solution that analyzis with archetypal symbolic language that synthesizes with psychotic discourse.

We also see what we can do when there is a negation of interpretation. This could be a form of transferential answer that Reich called the 'narcisist transference' what is given in boarderline structures. Therefore, the form of resolution of this therapeutic situation permits or impedes what abandons these people in the therapeutic process, in the moment which the therapist questions the patient, the patient situates him/herself above the therapist and questions the therapist. We could say, dynamically speaking, that the patient has situated him/herself above the mother and entering inside a dynamic paranoia. We should analyize rapidly, delicately and subtlely its defense mechanism, its its characterial element that conveys its mechanism of disdain and refusal. At the same time, it is important to make this point without creating a basic narcisist injury, situating a point of reality and trying to understand why the person tries to cover the dynamic objective of the process.

Some of these resitances are clearly connected to specific

features of character. In the hysteric character feature we will find a strong emotionality and dramatization that we will also have to analysize 'in-situ', following the system already mentioned, always looking to locate the point of reality within the person, making him/her realise that 'your form of actuation is not favourable and is not needed, and I, as a therapist, do not require it nor ask for it'. In the compulsive character and also in some features of boarderline structure, appears the constant intellectualization that can be interpretated in the following way: 'With your thought processes you try to occupy the place of all without permitting direct access to 'the other', by the own conflict in the real relation that you produce...'. This can always be treated as dynamizing existential elements connected to the character that impedes the next principle of pleasure. It is evident that within a brief framework that the actuation of the therapist is more active and that this provokes a corrective emotional experience (Alexander, French-1946) behaving differently to how his parents behaved when he was a small boy, or reinforcing the characterial features of the patient to unconsciously reproduce as the therapist, in the same actuation, behaves as the parents of the patient. If this strategy does not provoke precisely what the transferential reactions can give, the therapist will not have a prefijada (I am unable to find a translation for this word) position. The corrective emotional experience will give precisely, as it has the possibility to live or to have not lived (and in this also enters the destructive aspect which is a consequence of frustration and dissatisfaction) in a permissive space (in this case the therapeutic), disconditioning it from historic emotional influence. In this feeling, the work with the somatic, the neuromuscular, the B.C.P could be more effective when used in a verbal context.

Lastly, the operation of the contra-transference, as the Reichan feeling continues to also be a fundamental element in B.C.P because, in moments as we have seen before what we feel from the patient is that a resoftening of a resistance as empathy or an 'orgonotic feeling' (Reich) it gives us the possibility to utilize a technique of the 'auxillary I'. We will verbalize or express ourselves on a base on what the patient thinks or feels. Unblocking hard situations, above all in the boarderline structure (a tool also used by O.Kernberg in these cases). The psychotic structure speaks of our feeling with respect to what occurs and facilitates the feeling of knowing the patient, facilitating the structurization of his/her corporal image. As when taking into account what occurs in the profound systematic, we also have to do the same with this variable, as a factor that occurs in the final result of the therapeutic work. When this does not work we can feel lonely, and we need the help of a supervisor, if there should be certain limits or personal problems that have been put in an inconsistant functioning through to the contact with the patient , that has perhaps created a blind spot that has perturbed the therapeutic process. One danger that exists in brief psychotherapy in relation to this point, is that without realizing, is that we can have a relationship with the patient that is too amicable where there

is a high grade of verbalization, of commentaries of certain themes and things that we have done... This is a risk that we have to correct and avoid. The therapist has to always maintain a plan differential to complete the function in question.

3.3 OPERATION OF THE ACTUAL AND ONEIRIC.

THE TRIANGULAR CIRCULATION OF B.C.P

From Reich, for not to facilitate the 'catexis libidinal' (Reich-1927) in the therapeutic relation, and as much, to channelize this aspect from actual aspects, as we are unable to ascend the regression nor the transferential neurosis, it is fundamental that in the daily routine of the person, his/her present and actual world, can be converted into a therapeutic factor. within the basic triangle that above which girates the therapeutic process of B.C.P, we can illustrate; the analysis of the actual we refer to focus, and as in other characterial constants that we spoke of where the history of the patient is where the structuring of the character was formed, and knowing his/her history we understand his/her actuation and perception in the therapeutic space, the interiorization of our actuations, permitting us the production of the transferential reaction. In this is connected the character feature, which we connect to the history and daily routine, actively dynamicizing the process and the therapeutic insight that permits to continue sewing the thread of the process until its completion.

*

It is also important to take into account all of the variables that girate around the world of the patient: Family, work, friends, couple, sons and daughters, ... With regard to control possible 'acting outs' (Greenson-1967), all of this that refers to emotions that will have to be lived through in the therapeutic space, and one cannot mar, for example, the couple relations, destablizing 'Yatro(unable to find translation)genetically', his/her actual emotional situation - this being counter-productive within a 'brief' context.

In the case of the psychotic structure, it could always be possible that we will have to introduce the family into the therapeutic process, fundamentally searching for a 'conspiritorial co-therapeutic' that restrengthens the dynamic of the process (brother/sister-boyfriend/girlfriend-or including some friend)and on occassions the family permits the independence

of the therapeutic process. This same family actuation is developing with certain symptoms such as anorexia in adolescents.

With respect to dreams and any other oneiric material, which can be fantasies etc., one has to take into account the narration in each session 'paying special attention to the attitude of the patient and to the manner in which he/she relates to these dreams, making bad debts,producing associations and making communications? (Reich-1928). They also serve to restrengthen certain moments of analytic material production and form part of the 'translaboration' (Greenson-1967), in how much the dreams have to confirm the said advances, and in these cases, seeing them and facilitating the therapeutic insight to restrengthen the process with analytic devolution.

3.4 EXPRESSIVE NEUROMUSCULAR MOVEMENTS ('ACTINGS') AND OTHER CLINICAL DEVICES

The 'actings' are expressive neuromusculaar movements that are utilized in the practice of characteranalytic vegetotherapy (Navarro-1991), with the finality of a progressive development and a meticulous and thorough deblockage of the muscular armour segments creating a situation of crisis during the period of destructerization in the boarderline structure and the character neurotic structure, searching for the emergence of its nuclear. In this profound or deep systematic, the organized repitition of the acting during the sessions, dynamicizes via neurovegetotives facilitating the emergence, with time, of 'pure' emotions and later resoftening the superficial layers of the musculature where the tension is seated, and the characterial resistances working with the nuclear of the biosystem. The duration of each acting is around 15-20 minutes, providing necessary and sufficient time to produce neuromuscular effects and open-actions that are looked for. In brief characteranalytic psychotherapy, in how much the objectives are different, all well and good to use some of the actings of the vegetotherapy, and always utilizing the cephocaudal form (from the first to the seventh segment), the time of reproduction of each acting is between 5-8 minutes and the reproduction is not repeated as often.

This form of the actings stimulates and dynamicizes the sensitive tracts and corticals, favouring sensation, the next memory association and the aperture of sensorial receptiveness, but without beginning to mobilize the neurovegetotive tracts, limbic-viscerals (nuclears), helping the capture of the focal therapeutic objectives of B.C.P. It is exactly for the former mentioned, that the acting is at the disposition of the analytic dynamic which one follows, and according to this, favouring and restrengthening the insight and the therapeutic setting. In the same way, the form of executing the actings on the patient is as using the patient as analytic material, that on many occassions, permits the resoftening of a characterial resistance as this form is a reflection of others that are used in real life and on many occassions, the patient is not aware of this. For example, a person executing the acting of saying 'I', lowering the clenched fists, has the perception that it has been said with much strength - and for this person it is strong, but we cannot hardly hear it.

It is very important to make the patient understand the consequencies that his/her real life has to live this contrast inbetween that what the rest perceive and that what he/she believes is perceived at the base of his/her perception of reality. This permits the patient to understand many social processes and emotions. At this same time, he/she can begin to understand how this forms a part of a causal logical history, enabling the appropriate and gradual production of what I have described before as the 'triangular circulation'.

Another important element that breaks regression, is the reproduction of the actings, always dressed in the clothes of

B.C.P. Meanwhile, in vegetotherapy (deep systematic)in order to favour the regression - between other motives - the patient should be with the body visible (dressed in underwear, bathing suit or bikini). Yet another time we can see how a coherance exists between the devices used and the objectives that we want to achieve.

I n the psychotic struture, we can employ, for example, the acting of 'audible vibration', where the therapist is behind the patient who is in a supine postion with eyes closed, with the palms of hands in a form of a shell around the ears, opening and shutting the hands for approximately 5-8 minutes. To continue from this acting the patient is put in the fetal position continuing with the same movement (with the free ear), and to terminate this movement in a supine position looking at the green capsule of the torch which is at a low brightness (see video - serrano-1995). With this sequence a sensation of safe and corrective space is created, paranoid elements can be worked on, stimulation of the pineal, the stimulation of certain neurotransmissors can be reduced, and the patient can be put more in touch with the interior. One can terminate with a managed visualization of his/her body, firstly of the muscular part, and secondly his/her orgons that take an active consciousness of the interior life and spontaneously re-enfocing the weak corporal image.

In the case of a boarderline structure or a neurotic structure of character, we fundamentally use the characteranalytic psychotherapeutic framework with the devices I have described earlier. To augment the possibility of contact with his/her own sensations and the assent of discovering what can be achieved in the process for the patient, we employ actings such as the following: lying on the divan the patient executes the following movements; the patient looks at a point on the ceiling and later at the point of his/her nose therefore executing the action of occular convergence, especially indicated by moments of confusion and the production of new analytic material; the movement of 'suction', protracting and retracting the lips alternately, utilizing in these moments the assention of the libidinal process; the movement of clenching the teeth whilst girating the eyes in a circular motion looking at everything in the room, indicating especially those moments of when ther is an aggressive component in the analytical process; Letting the head fall ofthe divan with the neck also exteriorized, indicating those moments of major necessity of contact with their own body and the production of intellectual resistance; lifting the arms, fists clenched, striking against the cushion, saying at each strike the word 'I', indicating especially in moments of yoico (unable to find a translation)re-enforcement against new situations; and finally, in a lying position, breathing in and saying the vocal 'A' when expiring, bringing forward the shoulders and lifting the pelvis, that facilitates the next dynamic of pleasure and contact with corporal limits and physics of pleasure (Navarro-1993,Serrano-1995).

To facilitate the objectives of B.C.P other devices can also be

used, always within a logical coherance with respect to the rythmn and the real necessities of the therapeutic process. Therapy sessions of the family, visualizations, functional employment of visualizing psycho-active drugs, acupuncture, homeopathy...... in combination with otherprofessional specialists within the theme of psychotherapy, if thereis a capacity for this. In this framework, the application and planning of the therapy can be carried out with a coherance using convergent tools as therapeutic objects - something that cannot be provided in profound or deep systematic.

3.5 THE GROUP

During the time of psychotherapy, one can combine individual sessions with group sessions, measuring what re-enforces the yoico, and characterial resoftening through to the social. This is a tool that helps the achievement of therapeutic objectives, taking the deep work systematic of group work as a reference (Serrano-1990)whilst utilizing the devices coherantly with regard to the therapeutic objectives of B.C.P.

Schematically, these are the basic aspects of the groupwork framework:

* Only one or two therapists (one as an observer)always of different sex. The therapists work with aspects that are more real than symbolic, and the authority should be represented in only one therapist, if there are two. The patients can be from other therapists (taking into account that there could be possible actings and emotional displacements derived from the goup therapists).

*This word is employed, above all as a clinical device facilitating conscience of the sexual roles, the different perception - auto-perception, the use of imagination to avoid direct contact with the other, the stance against authority and the characterial conducts refelected in social postures (phallics, masochists, hysterics...) through to an active dynamic group, facilitating the interaction of space and responsibility within the group. All of this combines visualizations with clinical tools of corporal psychotherapy, with the patients dressed and that no destructurizatrion takes place within the group members.

*The actuation of the therapists should be fundamentally direct and structural, facilitating free manifestation of opinions and forms of respect to the remainder.

*All the group members will only be treated in a B.C.P environment and not in a C.V profound environment.

*The duration time of the group will be: between 3-5 months )being the average) following a time of establishing the individual therapeutic contract with two monthly sessions of about two hours.

4.0 CLINICAL FRAMEWORK OF B.C.P

The sessions will develop - always taking into account the structural difference, with a desk between the pateint and the therapist, which can be modified to two comfortable chairs, according to the case in question. Preferably, in the second part of the session, the patient should lie down on the divan so that certain neurovegetotive, neuro muscular devices etc., can be applied. The therapeutic relation is marked by the therapeutic alliance which is fundamentally a conjugation between the patient and the therapist, but with different functions as they have to have an existential approximation, a 'can be', an acceptation, but recognising the difference of functions that permit the development of emotional displacements. This is a fundamental base of the analytical process, that the transferential reactions should not pass through this particular framework.

After 15-20 minutes of verbalization it is convenient to pass across to the divan and execute the convergent techniques (actings, visualizations, seated in silence....), and then to finish, 15 minutes producing the 'lived' during the time on the divan, across to the word on the desk or the chair terminated with a clarified synthesis of the session and predisposing that the patient adopts an active posture during the time of the next session. During this verbalization, one ascends to the therapeutic focus and re-enforce the 'clinical triangular circulation'. On the divan, the person lays in a supine positionn, rid of things that make the patient uncomfortable (eg. tie, watch, belt...)and begins to relax and abandon the physical and corporal. The case is different when you need to administer massage for example, in which case the patient is comfortably dressed in underwear, bikini etc..).

In synthesis, the process will be the following: Material of the patient (eg. dreams, associations..), focalization, selective attention from the therapist based on the analysis of anaylsis of resistance of character production analytic, employment of neuromuscular movements ('actings', re-enforced focus and connection, floating attention of the therapist, interpretation gestation, pre-assent interpretation and gradual production of transferential reactions, dealing with new material from the patient......

It is important to realize continuous sessions (Sifneos-1993), maintaining therapeutic contact every 3-4 months, so as to be aware of the effacy of the treatment. This is what we carry throughout the years and will be discussed and demonstrated in the next publication.